Joint European Projects aim to increase cooperation and network-building between actors in higher education in EU Member States and partner countries, and help the higher education sector propagate its knowledge outside academic institutions. Projects can support universities in applying the principles of the 'Bologna Process', for example by implementing the new two-level education system, and the European Credit Transfer System.

• JEPs for curriculum development to create new or update existing courses and enhance the skills of teaching staff; develop updated modern teaching and learning materials; provide material aid in purchasing computers and other teaching material.

• JEPs for university management focus on the restructuring of universities and their internal management and administration; strengthening of managerial capacities, university governance and finance; strengthening central university services e.g. libraries, human resources management, student services; introducing management information systems; developing quality assurance system; promotion of stronger links between universities and their environment.

• JEPs for training courses for institutions building concentrate on developing the administrative and institutional structures of the partner countries through the provision of short-term courses aimed at upgrading the skills of non-academic staff from public and private institutions who may play a key role in the transition process.

Structural and Complementary Measures (SCM)

• Structural Measures are short-term policy advice interventions, aimed at supporting reform processes in higher education, and developing higher education strategic frameworks. Such projects typically address issues linked to the Bologna process such as quality assurance, and related accreditation systems, credit systems, and restructuring of the qualification frameworks to create a converging and transparent European system, whereby different national education systems would use a common framework.

• Complementary Measures are designed to disseminate and transfer good practice in particular, good quality education programmes or effective management practices. They provide lower level support in areas that are central to the higher education reform processes.

Individual Mobility Grants aim to help academic and administrative staff in participating partner countries travel and take part in training and conferences abroad, and to assist European teachers deliver training courses in partner countries, always within the context of Tempus' objectives.

• IMG for preparation of a Joint European Project enables discussion and cooperation between participants in member states and partner countries to physically take place and has a maximum duration of two weeks. (PLEASE NOTE that applications for Individual Mobility Grants of Type 1 aiming at the preparation of a Joint European Project proposal will not be eligible for the October 2006 IMG Selection call, as the last selection deadline in the framework of the Tempus III programme for Joint European Projects will be in December 2006. )

• IMG for participation in an event whether a seminar, conference or a training session, is also limited to two weeks in duration.

• IMG for retraining or study period for example collaboration on a specific academic subject, dissemination of good practice (maximum duration: eight weeks) or providing training.